Solo Aging and Social Networks

Older adults living alone and without immediately available family networks and support have historically been called "elder orphans" or "unbefriended elder" -- phrases that are ageist in their negative associations. More recently, however, social scientists are using the term "solo agers", which is inclusive, neutral, and can reflect both the challenges and the benefits of living alone in later life.

Our increased longevity, reduced family size, geographic distance from adult children and other relatives, and aging of rural communities have all contributed to increased numbers of older people aging solo. In a 2024 report, the Mather Institute estimated that as of 2021, as many as 28% of older adults are aging alone. Maine's Health Aging Data Report confirms that over 28% of adults 65+ are living alone and in some Maine communities, that percentage is as much as 65% (Farmingdale) or 57% (Blue Hill).

A recent study by the University of Maine Center on Aging involved talking with 34 solo agers in Maine, discussing both the challenges and the benefits of living alone in late life. Many solo agers - particularly older women who had raised a family - found living alone liberating from the demands and emotional labor of family life. Others said they felt more resilient and innovative as they figured out work-arounds for getting things done safely by themselves. 

More often, however, solo agers talked about their worries, including having an adequate social network to help with personal care if and when they might need it; to help with transportation to medical appointments; to help with healthcare and financial decisions including future housing or long-term care needs; and to arrange for affairs at or after death. Many solo agers who had lived alone for a long time had established networks, but those who were newly solo or who lived in very rural communities, were more challenged to create a reliable network. Several expressed a desire to connect with other solo agers - an indication that more can be done in Maine communities to help connect solo agers.
For a full report and for a comprehensive list of solo aging resources, visit the project website at https://www.soloagingresourcecenter.org/